Look up Hs or HS in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
HS or Hs can stand for:
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- 2Science and technology
Businesses and brands[edit]
- HS Produkt, a Croatian firearms manufacturer
- Helsingin Sanomat, a newspaper in Finland
- Hawker Siddeley, aircraft manufacturing group
- Henschel & Son, in aircraft prefixes; e.g., Hs 117
- Head & Shoulders or H&S, a shampoo brand
- Harris Scarfe and HS Home, a chain of Australian department stores
Science and technology[edit]
Chemistry[edit]
- Hassium, a chemical element with symbol 'Hs'
- Bisulfide, HS−, a chemical compound derived from H2S
- Mercapto radical, HS•, a radical molecule
- Hun stuff (a World War I name for mustard gas)
Medicine[edit]
- hs, medical abbreviation for 'hours of sleep'
- h.s., medical abbreviation for the Latin phrase hora somni ('at bedtime')
- Hereditary spherocytosis, a genetic disorder marked by hemolytic anemia
- Hidradenitis suppurativa, a skin condition affecting apocrine sweat glands and hair follicles
Other uses in science and technology[edit]
- '.hs', the Haskell programming language's typical filename extension
- Higman–Sims group, in mathematics
- Hypothetical syllogism, a proof rule in classical logic
Other uses[edit]
- Harmonized System, the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System of tariff nomenclature
- Sestertius, an ancient Roman coin
- High school (secondary education)
- Lexus HS, a hybrid car produced by Toyota
- HS postcode area, covering the Outer Hebrides, Scotland
- SS-Heimatschutz Slowakei (HS), a German paramilitary group in Slovakia during World War II
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=HS&oldid=913823250'
Schutzenpanzer Lang HS.30 | |
---|---|
Type | Infantry fighting vehicle |
Service history | |
In service | 1960–1980s |
Production history | |
Designer | Hispano-Suiza |
Designed | 1956–1958 |
Manufacturer | Hispano-Suiza Hanomag Henschel |
Unit cost | DM 238,000 |
Produced | 1958–1962 |
No. built | 2,176 |
Specifications | |
Mass | 14.6 tonnes |
Length | 5.56 m |
Width | 2.54 m |
Height | 1.85 m |
Crew | 3 |
Passengers | 5 |
Armor | 30 mm at 45° |
Main armament | 20 mm L/86 HS 820 autocannon 2,000 rounds |
7.62 mm MG3 machine gun | |
Engine | Rolls-Royce B81 Mk 80F 8-cylinder petrol 220 hp (164 kW) |
Power/weight | 15.3 hp/tonne |
Suspension | Torsion Bar. Three Bogie, Five road wheels |
Operational range | 270 km |
Speed | 58 km/h |
The Schützenpanzer Lang HS.30 (also Schützenpanzer 12-3) was a West Germaninfantry fighting vehicle developed from 1956 to 1958.[1] It was a SwissHispano-Suiza design, with a Rolls-Royce engine. After some early mechanical problems, only 2,176 were built of the 10,680 planned. It was armed with a 20-mm cannon, which was an unusually powerful weapon for an armoured personnel carrier of the period. Its design proved to have many flaws and drawbacks, and the construction was followed by a great political scandal in West Germany in the 1960s. 2,176 SPz 12-3 and variants were built until 1962, for which the German government paid 517 million DM, or about 238,000 DM per vehicle. The SPz 12-3 first entered service with the Panzergrenadier battalions in 1960[2] and was replaced by the Marder infantry fighting vehicle from 1971.
Design and doctrine[edit]
Rejecting American doctrine that an armored personnel carrier should serve as a 'battlefield taxi' and not as an assault vehicle, the Germans developed the SPz 12-3 as a vehicle to fight alongside tanks and from which their mechanized infantry could fight from under cover. The German military came to this decision as a result of its World War II experience with Panzergrenadiere (armored infantry). German doctrine saw the SPz 12-3 as part of the squad's equipment, and the squad was trained to fight with the vehicle in both offense and defense. Unlike the American M113, the SPz 12-3 could not float, but as German doctrine envisaged the SPz 12-3 as a component in operations combined with main battle tanks that also lacked such a capability, this was not seen as a grave disadvantage.[3]
The SPz 12-3 mounted a small turret with a Hispano-Suiza HS.820 20-mm autocannon and a 15×15 periscopic sight. The role of the 20-mm autocannon in German doctrine was to engage helicopters, antitank weapons, and light armored vehicles, thus freeing tanks to concentrate their fire against other tanks. Even with the turret, the SPz 12-3 was fully two feet (~0.6 m) lower in height than the M113 - no small advantage on an armored battlefield. The vehicle had an on-board supply of 2,000 rounds of 20 mm ammunition.[4] Frontal armor provided protection against 20-mm projectiles, which was stronger than comparable vehicles of other nations. The additional armor made the SPz 12-3 four tons heavier than the M113, even though the SPz could only carry half as many troops. For the squad members to fire their personal weapons while mounted, roof hatches had to be opened with the soldiers sticking up out of the hatches. The Germans considered this a significant disadvantage as their likely opponent, the Soviet Army, was expected to use chemical agents in any war between NATO and the Warsaw Pact.
Despite the German army's insistence on a true infantry fighting vehicle rather than just an armored personnel carrier, the Panzergrenadier brigades included an infantry battalion that was carried initially on trucks and later with M113 APCs. This force composition likely resulted as much from cost considerations as it did from doctrine that called for one third of the Panzergrenadiere to be a motorized force.[5]
The SPz 12-3 and its contemporaries[edit]
Vehicle | Main weapon | Frontal armor | Height | Infantry carried | Introduction year |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SPz 12-3 (Germany) | 20 mm HS-820 | 30 mm at 45° | 1.85 m | 5 | 1960 |
AMX-VCI (France) | 12.7 mm M2 HMG (later 20mm autocannon) | 15 mm at 45° | 2.1 m | 10 | 1957 |
M113 (USA) | 12.7 mm M2 HMG | 38 mm aluminium at 45° | 2.5 m | 11 | 1960 |
BTR-50P (USSR) | 7.62 mm SGMB MG (some with 14.5 mm heavy machine gun) | 11 mm steel at 60° | 1.97 m | 20 | 1954 |
FV432 (UK) | 7.62 mm FN MAG | 12.7 mm steel | 2.28 m | 10 | 1962 |
Pansarbandvagn 301 (Sweden) | 20 mm Bofors autocannon m/45 | 8 – 50 mm steel | 2.64 m to top of gunmount | 8 | 1961 |
Reliability issues and service period[edit]
Because of a short development period, teething issues dominated the reputation of the SPz 12-3 in its early years. Problems were found with the motor, cooling system, transmission, and suspension.[7] These problems were corrected by the mid-1960s and the SPz 12-3 remained in German service until the early 1980s, with its last duty being with reserve units.
The failures were so many, that the SPz 12-3 was seen unfit for Service by many German Officers.[citation needed][dubious]
The motor was too small, having been designed to support a nine ton vehicle and not the 14.6 tons of the SPz 12-3. Additionally, the motor could only be accessed from underneath the vehicle which meant the vehicle had to be brought to an area with maintenance pits in order for engine work to take place.
Starting in 1974, the Marder IFV replaced the SPz 12-3 in German armored infantry units. Peru received around 20 SPz 12-3's during the 1970s. Finally, some SPz 12-3's were used as armored targets on gunnery ranges.[8]
Scandal[edit]
The reliability issues and the initial order for 10,000 vehicles (far above the needs of the Bundeswehr) led to investigative reporting by the Frankfurter Rundschau and Deutsches Panorama (a news magazine that was published in Germany during 1966-67). These investigations revealed that key personnel associated with the procurement of the SPz 12-3 had accepted bribes as high as 2.3 million Deutschmarks (DM). Other witnesses asserted the Christian Democratic Union political party received campaign donations totaling some 50 million DM as a result of its support for SPz 12-3 procurement. The scandal resulted in a parliamentary committee of inquiry into the affair in 1967, with the scandal being known in Germany as the HS-30 Skandal.[9]
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Variants[edit]
- Schützenpanzer lang, Gruppe. The standard IFV.
- Schützenpanzer lang, FüFu. Command and control version.
- Schützenpanzer lang, LGS M40A1. Antitank version with 106 mm M40A1 recoilless rifle.
- Schützenpanzer lang, Panzermörser. Self-propelled mortar version. Initially fitted with an 81 mm mortar and later with a 120 mm mortar.
- Schützenpanzer lang, Feuerleitpanzer. Artillery forward observer version.
- Raketenjagdpanzer 1. An anti-tank vehicle, also built on HS-30 chassis, equipped with Nord SS.11 guided missiles.
Notes[edit]
- ^[1]
- ^Hammerich 2006, p. 319.
- ^Haworth, p. 39.
- ^Janes, p. 250.
- ^Haworth, p. 40.
- ^Data from Janes and M113
- ^Janes, p. 249.
- ^panzerbaer.de page on the SPz 12-3.
- ^www.sueddeutsche.de
Sources[edit]
- Hammerich, H.R. (2006). Das Heer 1950 bis 1970: Konzeption, Organisation und Aufstellung. De Gruyter Oldenbourg. ISBN978-3-486-57974-1.
- Haworth, W. Blair. The Bradley and How It Got That Way, Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999. ISBN0-313-30974-4.
- Foss, Christopher (ed.) Jane's Armour and Artillery 1981-82, Jane's Publishing Company Limited, 1981. ISBN0-7106-0727-X.
External links[edit]
Title Aug 3 Slot Hse
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Schützenpanzer Lang. |
- (in German)SPz lang at Panzerbaer.de
- (in German)SPz lang photo gallery at Hartziel.de
Title Aug 3 Slot Hs 2017
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schützenpanzer_Lang_HS.30&oldid=933111732'